• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    metal tooth detection and location. a machine tooth for heavy equipment can be monitored by attaching an rfid tag to the heavy machine tine and by positioning an rfid reader to read the rfid tag. the rfid reader provides an indication that the heavy engine tooth is separate from the heavy engine. the heavy machine tine is configured, for example, to be mounted on a heavy machine bucket.
    公开号:BR112014004785B1
    申请号:R112014004785-5
    申请日:2012-08-29
    公开日:2021-08-10
    发明作者:Lee Miller
    申请人:Joy Global Surface Mining Inc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    BACKGROUND
    [001] The invention relates to the detection and location of heavy machine teeth, specifically, the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags to determine when a metal tooth is no longer in the bucket of a heavy machine .
    [002] Heavy machinery (eg mining equipment such as cable excavators and shovel excavators) use steel teeth in their bucket designs. Teeth are used for several reasons: they provide a smaller point of surface area when digging into the earth, aiding in earth breakage, and requiring less force than the larger surface area of a bucket itself. In addition, the teeth provide easily replaceable wear points that save the bucket itself from wear. However, as a tooth wears out, there is currently no method for measuring wear without physically removing the tooth.
    [003] When teeth wear out, they typically fall out. The current method of detecting when a tooth falls out is an inexpensive machine vision system that looks into the bucket and detects when a tooth has been lost. This system is extremely expensive to implement, and only lets the operator know that the tooth is lost, not where it is. Once a team notices that a tooth is missing, they dig an average of ten truckloads of material, hoping to locate and sort out the fallen tooth. If they are unable to locate the tooth, the tooth will end up in a crusher. Additionally, the tine can become trapped in the crusher and eject from the crusher, potentially damaging other equipment. SUMMARY
    [004] In one embodiment, the invention provides a method of tracking a heavy machine tooth. The method includes attaching an RFID tag to the heavy machine tooth and positioning an RFID reader to read the RFID tag. The RFID reader provides an indication that the heavy machine tooth is separated from the heavy machine.
    [005] In other embodiments, the invention provides a heavy machine tooth monitoring system that includes a heavy machine tooth configured to be mounted on a heavy machine bucket, an active RFID tag attached to the tooth, and an RFID reader. RFID configured to read data from the RFID tag.
    [006] Other aspects of the invention will become evident from a consideration of the detailed description and associated drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [007] Figure 1 is a side view of an example shovel excavator.
    [008] Figures 2A and 2B illustrate the operation of an example mining site.
    [009] Figure 3 is an exploded view of a construction of a bucket tooth that incorporates an RFID tag.
    [010] Figure 4 is another view of the bucket tooth figure 3.
    [011] Figure 5 is another sectional view of the bucket tooth of figure 3.
    [012] Figure 6 is a plan view of another construction of a bucket tooth incorporating an RFID tag.
    [013] Figure 7 is a plurality of views of a third construction of a bucket tooth that incorporates an RFID tag.
    [014] Figure 8 is a plan view of a construction of a ceramic plug for insertion of an RFID tag in the bucket tooth of figure 7.
    [015] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a wear detection circuit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    [016] Before any embodiments of the invention are explained in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and arrangement of components set out in the description below or illustrated in the drawings below. The invention is capable of other modalities and of being practiced or being carried out in various ways.
    [017] Heavy machinery is used for moving large amounts of earth in industries such as mining and construction. Some heavy machines (for example, an electric shovel excavator) include buckets for digging the earth. Buckets often include a plurality of tines to help break through the earth, and make it easier to dig the earth for the bucket.
    [018] Figure 1 shows an example 100 electric shovel excavator for surface mining applications. The electric shovel excavator 100 includes a movable base 105 supported on tracks 110. The movable base 105 supports a turntable 115, and a machinery platform 120. The turntable 115 allows full 360° rotation of the machinery platform 120 in in relation to the base 105.
    [019] A boom 125 is pivotally connected at 130 to the machinery platform 120. The boom 125 is held in an up and outwardly extending relationship to the platform by a support or a gantry in the form of draw cables 135 which are anchored to a rear stay 145 rigidly mounted to the machinery platform 120.
    [020] A dredger or bucket 150 includes a plurality of tines 152, and is suspended by a sling or flexible hoisting rope 155 from a pulley or pulley 160, the hoisting sling is anchored to a winch drum 165 mounted on machinery platform 120. As the hoist drum rotates, hoist sling 155 is unwound or coiled, lowering or raising dredge 150. Boom pulley 160 directs traction on hoist sling 155 to pull straight up onto the hoist. shovel excavator dredger 150, thereby producing an efficient digging force with which to dig the material bank. The dredge 150 is an arm or handle 170 rigidly attached to it, with the dredge arm 170 slidingly supported on a guide support block 175. The drive pinion is driven by an electric motor and a drive unit 185 to effect an extension or retraction of the dredge arm 170 in relation to the guide support block 175.
    [021] The 125 shovel excavator boom is an important structural component in size, shape and weight. Its primary purpose is to keep the boom pulley 160 in an advantageous position for efficient lifting dredge traction across the bench. Another important purpose of the boom 125 is to mount the boom pivot shaft at a sufficient height and outside radius from the centerline of rotation of the shovel excavator 100. The boom pivot shaft drives the shovel excavator handle to extend and retract the dredger 150. These two features of an electric shovel excavator digging attachment make the shovel excavator uniquely qualified to safely reach and dig high bank formations away from the shovel excavator. The shovel excavator in this sense is also capable of reaching a large volume of material in one location, without propelling it closer to the bank.
    [022] Bucket teeth 152 are detachably affixed to bucket 150. This allows broken or worn teeth 152 to be easily replaced. However, this causes teeth 152 to occasionally break or fall out of bucket 150. In some circumstances, a tooth 152 will break / fall out of bucket 150 and end up in the ground being mined (ie, in bucket 150). When the earth in bucket 150 is deposited on a truck, tooth 152 will go into the truck as well. Often the earth in the truck is taken to a crusher to be crushed. When the truck empties its contents into the crusher, tooth 152 goes into the crusher as well, potentially damaging the crusher, being expelled from the crusher and damaging other equipment, or being damaged in the crusher.
    [023] Figures 2A and 2B represent a typical mining operation. The shovel excavator 100 digs the earth 200 with its bucket 150, and deposits the earth 200 in a truck 205. Once the truck 205 is full, the truck 205 takes the earth 200 to another location (for example, on site or remote from the mining site). In some operations, truck 205 carries earth 200 to a crusher 210. Truck 205 deposits earth 200 onto conveyor 215 which feeds earth 200 to crusher 210, which crushes earth 200 into smaller components 220.
    [024] The invention uses an active RFID tag embedded in or affixed to the metal tooth 152 of the heavy machine bucket to allow detection of a missing tooth 152 of the bucket 150.
    [025] The invention uses an RFID reader 225 located in a structure (eg an exit gate) through which the truck 205 passes after being filled. The 225 RFID reader checks whether an RFID tag has passed near the structure. If an RFID tag is detected, an alarm can be triggered, allowing a search to be made on truck 205 to determine if the detected RFID tag and corresponding tooth 152 were in the body of truck 205. If a tooth 152 contains an RFID tag that had snapped/fallen from the bucket 150 and fallen from the bucket 150 and was on the truck 205, could be found, before leaving the site or being deposited in the shredder 210. Preferably, the RFID reader 225 is positioned at a far enough away from bucket 150 that the reader 225 does not detect RFID tags on teeth 152 that are still in place on bucket 150.
    [026] In addition, an RFID reader 230 can be positioned prior to entering the crusher 210, to detect the RFID tag on a tooth 152, before the tooth 152 enters the crusher 210 (for example, the reader 230 could be positioned on conveyor 215 feeding crusher 210). Again, if reader 230 detects an RFID tag, an alarm will be triggered and conveyor 215 and/or crusher 210 will be stopped, allowing tooth 152 to be located, prior to entry into crusher 210.
    [027] An RFID tag on a tooth 152 can include information identifying the tooth 152. For example, the RFID tag can be written with data such as, but not limited to, a serial number, an origin, a date manufacturing, etc. This stored information can allow a user to quickly determine where tooth 152 came from, promoting quicker repair of bucket 150 or a return of tooth 152.
    [028] In some embodiments, an RFID 235 reader is included in the heavy machine 100 itself (see figure 1). Reader 235 reads all RFID tags located on machine 100, including tags on teeth 152. A controller or computer receives information from reader 235 about detected tags. The controller then provides diagnostic information to a user. This information can include when tooth 152 was installed, how many hours tooth 152 has been in operation, etc. In addition, should a tooth 152 break / fall out, the controller will alert the user of this condition, allowing the missing tooth 152 to be quickly found and replaced.
    [029] In some embodiments, an additional circuit is included with the RFID tag to determine the amount of wear on a tooth, allowing preventive maintenance to be performed before a tooth falls out.
    [030] In some embodiments, the RFID tag 300 is detuned when the tooth 152 is mounted on the bucket 150. When the tooth 152 breaks / falls out of the bucket 150, the signal strength of the RFID tag 300 increases. Reader 235 detects the increase in signal strength and determines that tooth 152 has broken / fell out of bucket 150.
    [031] Figures 3 to 5 show a view of a heavy machine bucket tine 152. The tine 152 includes an active RFID tag 300 wrapped in a ceramic casing 305, the ceramic casing 305 is then enveloped in metal 310. A separate control circuit can also be included in the ceramic housing 305 for activating the RFID tag 300 when tooth 152 is shipped or installed, saving battery power and extending the life of the RFID tag 300. The ceramic housing 305 with RFID tag 300 and any other circuitry, is positioned in a mold into which liquid steel is poured to form tooth 152. Ceramic housing 305 protects RFID tag 300 from the heat of liquid steel. The RFID tag 300 is detuned so that the steel of tooth 152 tunes the RFID tag 300 to the correct frequency, using tooth 152 as an antenna. In some embodiments, a tuning circuit in RFID tag 300 tunes tag 300 once tag 300 is activated at tooth 152.
    [032] Figure 6 shows another construction of a heavy machine bucket tine 152 that incorporates an RFID tag 300. The tag 300 is mounted on one end 600 of the tine 152. The end 600 is inserted into a mounting bracket 605 and tooth 152 is secured to mounting bracket 605. In this construction, RFID tag 300 takes advantage of the metal of tooth 152 and bracket 605, using backscatter to increase RFID signal strength.
    [033] Figure 7 shows a construction of a heavy machine bucket tooth 152 arranged to receive an RFID tag. Tooth 152 includes a hole 700 drilled into the base of tooth 152. A cylindrical RFID tag is inserted into hole 700. In some constructions, a ceramic disk is positioned over the RFID tag, and hole 700 is welded shut. .
    [034] Figure 8 shows a construction of a ceramic plug 800 for insertion into tooth 152 of figure 7. Ceramic plug 800 encapsulates an RFID tag and a tooth wear detection circuit. Four probes 805, 810, 815, 820 extend out of ceramic plug 800. When ceramic plug 800 is inserted into hole 700 of tooth 152, probes 805 to 820 each contact tooth 152 and are electrically thus coupled to tooth 152. The wear detection circuit uses probes 805, 810, 815, 820 to electrically test tooth 152 and determine the wear of tooth 152. The wear detection circuit provides data for the RFID tag 300 with reference to the wear of tooth 152 (eg, a loss amount, remaining life, etc.). The RFID tag 300 then communicates (eg, via a wired or wireless connection) the wear information to an RFID reader (eg, in a shovel excavator cab, to a portable RFID reader, etc. .).
    [035] Figure 9 shows a wear detection circuit 900 used for determining the wear of tooth 152. Circuit 900 uses a four-point resistance method to determine wear. A 905 current source produces a current that is applied to two of the 805 and 820 probes. Current flowing through probes 805 and 820 is detected by a current transducer 910. A voltage transducer 915 of circuit 900 senses a voltage across the two other probes 810 and 815. Using the detected current and voltage, a remote control 920 of circuit 900 determines a resistance of tooth 152. The resistance varies based on the material composition of tooth 152, the permittivity of tooth 152 and the dimensions of tooth 152. As the tooth wears, the strength of tooth 152 changes. The change in strength thus can be used to determine wear and tear on tooth 152. In some embodiments, the initial strength (ie, when tooth 152 is new) is recorded on the RFID tag 300. Also, in some embodiments, other resistance measurements (e.g., predetermined resistance) are recorded on RFID tag 300. Also, in some embodiments, other resistance measurements (e.g., predetermined resistance) are recorded on RFID tag 300.
    [036] Several features and advantages of the invention are set forth in the following claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (35)
    [0001]
    1. Method of monitoring a heavy machine tooth (152), the method characterized in that it comprises: coupling an RFID tag (300) to the heavy machine tooth (152), the RFID tag (300) coupled the heavy machine tooth (152) for moving with the heavy machine tooth (152); and positioning an RFID reader (225) for reading the RFID tag (300); and wherein the RFID reader (225) provides an indication that the heavy machine tooth (152) is separate from the heavy machine (100) and a location of the heavy machine tooth (152) when the heavy machine tooth (152) is separate from the heavy machine (100).
    [0002]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises the wrapping of the RFID tag (300) in ceramic, the ceramic placed in a mold, and the liquid steel is poured into the mold for the formation of the tooth ( 152) of heavy machine.
    [0003]
    3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises the positioning of the RFID reader (225) on a feeder (215) for a crusher (210).
    [0004]
    4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises the positioning of the RFID reader (225) to detect when the RFID tag (300) is on a truck (205).
    [0005]
    5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the RFID tag (300) is affixed to one end (600) of the tooth (152).
    [0006]
    6. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it determines that the tooth (152) is separated from the bucket (150) when a signal strength of the RFID tag (300) increases.
    [0007]
    7. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises inserting the RFID tag (300) into a hole (700) in the tooth (152).
    [0008]
    8. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises coupling a tuning circuit to the RFID tag (300), the tuning circuit tuning the RFID tag (300) after the RFID tag is coupled to the tooth (152).
    [0009]
    9. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises the detuning of the RFID tag.
    [0010]
    10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that it further comprises tuning the RFID tag (300) by coupling the RFID tag (300) to the tooth (152).
    [0011]
    11. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises the magnification of a signal from the RFID tag (300) by backscattering.
    [0012]
    12. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises the coupling of a wear detection circuit (900) to the RFID tag.
    [0013]
    13. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises detecting tooth wear (152) and providing information on the detected tooth wear (152) to the RFID tag.
    [0014]
    14. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises the use of a four-point resistance method for detecting tooth wear (152).
    [0015]
    15. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises the positioning of the RFID reader (225) in a heavy machine cabin (100).
    [0016]
    16. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the provision, by the RFID reader (225), of information about the tooth (152) of a heavy machine for a user of the heavy machine (100).
    [0017]
    17. Heavy machine tooth monitoring system (152), the system characterized in that it comprises: a heavy machine tooth (152) configured to be mounted on a bucket (150) of a heavy machine (100); a label an active RFID (300) coupled to the tooth (152) to move with the tooth (152); and an RFID reader (225) configured to read data from the RFID tag (300) and provide an indication of the location of the tooth (152) when the tooth (152) separates from the bucket (150).
    [0018]
    18. Heavy machine tooth monitoring system (152) according to claim 17, characterized in that the RFID reader (225) is positioned on a feeder (215) for a crusher (210).
    [0019]
    19. Heavy machine tooth monitoring system (152) according to claim 17, characterized in that the RFID reader (225) is positioned for the detection of an RFID tag (300) on a truck (205 ).
    [0020]
    20. Heavy machine tooth monitoring system (152) according to claim 17, characterized in that the RFID tag (300) is wrapped in ceramic.
    [0021]
    21. Heavy machine tooth monitoring system (152) according to claim 17, characterized in that the RFID tag (300) is affixed (600) to one end of the tooth (152).
    [0022]
    22. Heavy machine tooth monitoring system (152) according to claim 17, characterized in that the RFID tag (300) is inserted into a hole (700) in the tooth (152).
    [0023]
    23. Heavy machine tooth monitoring system (152) according to claim 17, characterized in that it further comprises a tuning circuit, the tuning circuit tuning the RFID tag (300), after the RFID tag (300) be coupled to the tooth (152).
    [0024]
    24. Heavy machine tooth monitoring system (152) according to claim 17, characterized in that it further comprises a wear detection circuit (900), wherein the wear detection circuit (900) detects the Tooth wear (152) and provides information about the detected tooth wear (152) to the RFID tag.
    [0025]
    25. Heavy machine tooth monitoring system (152) according to claim 24, characterized in that the wear detection circuit (900) uses a four-point resistance method for tooth wear detection (152 ).
    [0026]
    26. Heavy machine tooth monitoring system (152) according to claim 25, characterized in that the RFID tag (300) is embedded in a ceramic plug (800) that is inserted into the tooth (152), and wherein four probes (805, 810, 815, 820) in electrical communication with the wear detection circuit are embedded in and extend from the plug (800) and are in electrical contact with the tooth (152).
    [0027]
    27. Heavy machine tooth monitoring system (152) according to claim 17, characterized in that the RFID reader (225) is positioned in a heavy machine cabin (100), and provides information about the heavy machine tooth (152) to a heavy machine user (100).
    [0028]
    28. Heavy machine tooth monitoring system (152) according to claim 17, characterized in that the active RFID tag (300) includes information identifying the tooth (152).
    [0029]
    29. Heavy machine tooth monitoring system (152) according to claim 28, characterized in that the information includes at least one selected from the group of a serial number, an origin and a date of manufacture.
    [0030]
    30. Heavy machine tooth monitoring system (152) according to claim 17, characterized in that it further comprises a controller configured to receive information from the RFID reader (225) based on the RFID tag data ( 300) and provide diagnostic information to a user based on the information received.
    [0031]
    31. Heavy machine tooth monitoring system (152) according to claim 30, characterized in that the diagnostic information includes when the tooth (152) has been installed.
    [0032]
    32. Heavy machine tooth monitoring system (152) according to claim 30, characterized in that the diagnostic information includes how many hours the tooth (152) has been in operation.
    [0033]
    33. Heavy machine tooth monitoring system (152) according to claim 17, characterized in that the RFID tag (300) is configured to transmit a signal at a first intensity when the tooth (152) is mounted on the bucket (150) of the heavy machine (100) and is configured to transmit a signal at a second intensity greater than the first intensity when the tine (152) is not mounted on the bucket (150) of the heavy machine (100).
    [0034]
    34. Heavy machine tooth monitoring system (152) according to claim 17, characterized in that the RFID tag (300) is mounted on one end (600) of the tooth (152).
    [0035]
    35. Heavy machine tooth monitoring system (152) according to claim 34, characterized in that a mounting bracket (605) receiving the end (600) of the tooth (152), wherein the assembly (605) couples the tine (152) to the heavy machine (100).
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    同族专利:
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    法律状态:
    2019-04-30| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-10-08| B25C| Requirement related to requested transfer of rights|Owner name: HARNISCHFEGER TECHNOLOGIES, INC. (US) Free format text: A FIM DE ATENDER A TRANSFERENCIA REQUERIDA ATRAVES DA PETICAO NO 870190086555 DE03/09/2019, E NECESSARIO:1. APRESENTAR TRADUCAO JURAMENTADA DO DOCUMENTO QUE COMPROVA A TRANSFERENCIASOLICITADA;2. QUE O DOCUMENTO QUE COMPROVA A TRANSFERENCIA SEJA APRESENTADO COM A DEVIDALEGALIZACAO CONSULAR OU ACOMPANHADO DA APOSTILA DE HAIA;3. QUE O CUMPRIMENTO DA PRESENTE EXIGENCIA ESTEJA ACOMPANHADO DA GRU RELATIVO A TALSERVICO. |
    2019-10-15| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2019-12-24| B25A| Requested transfer of rights approved|Owner name: JOY GLOBAL SURFACE MINING INC (US) |
    2021-01-26| B07A| Application suspended after technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-06-15| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-08-10| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 29/08/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US13/220,260|US8890672B2|2011-08-29|2011-08-29|Metal tooth detection and locating|
    US13/220,260|2011-08-29|
    PCT/US2012/052798|WO2013033164A1|2011-08-29|2012-08-29|Metal tooth detection and locating|
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